儿童指突状树突细胞肉瘤合并骨髓增生异常综合征一例报告并文献复习

指突状树突细胞肉瘤(interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma,IDCS)是一种罕见的树突状细胞肿瘤,目前全球仅百余例报道,常以无痛性淋巴结肿大起病,侵袭性较强、预后较差[1-2]。骨髓增生异常综合征(myelodysplastic syndromes,MDS)为起源于造血干、祖细胞的恶性克隆性疾病,以单系或多系病态造血、易向白血病转化为特征,目前被认为是一种老年性疾病[3]。本研究报道1例同患IDCS和MDS的患儿,为国内外首次报道2种肿瘤同时发生,旨在探讨2种肿瘤的诊治要点,避免漏诊、误诊。     

缺氧诱导因子-1α参与肝纤维化形成机制研究进展

目的 肝纤维化是一种由于反复肝损伤而导致肝组织细胞外基质过多沉积导致的疾病。缺氧损伤为肝损伤的一部分,缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)是响应缺氧应激的关键转录因子,在肝纤维化组织和活化的肝星状细胞(HSC)表达显著增加。目前,通过对大量HIF-1α依赖性基因和信号通路的研究,确认这些基因及其通路的变化参与肝纤维化发展过程,并可能在肝纤维化发生发展过程中起关键作用。本文综述了HIF-1α相关的信号通路参与肝纤维化发展的相关机制,并对上游影响HIF-1α合成和降解的相关信号通路进行了阐述,为其作为新型治疗靶点的可能潜力提供依据。     

大量饮酒及乙醇戒断后对大鼠脑内维生素C 水平的影响

目的 研究大量饮酒4 d及乙醇戒断后大鼠脑脊液中及各重要脑区内维生素C（VC）水平 及钠依赖性VC 转运体2（SVCT2）蛋白水平的变化。方法 30 只健康Wistar 大鼠随机分为5 组，对照组 （A 组）、大量饮酒4 d（B 组）、大量饮酒4 d 后戒断1 d（C 组）、大量饮酒4 d 后戒断2 d（D组）、大量饮酒 4 d后戒断7 d（E组），每组6只。B、C、D、E组大鼠大量灌胃给予乙醇4 d，乙醇浓度为25% W/V，每8小时 灌胃1次，连续4 d；A组给予等体积蒸馏水。采用Y迷宫实验评价大鼠的空间工作记忆能力；以高效液相- 电化学法（HPLC-ECD）检测大鼠脑脊液及前额叶皮质、顶叶皮质、颞叶皮质、海马脑区内细胞内VC 含量， 免疫印迹法检测大鼠各脑区内SVCT2蛋白水平的变化。结果 （1）Y迷宫实验： C、D组大鼠自发交替反应 率分别为（24.64±15.11）% 和（41.48±13.01）%，均显著低于A 组［（75.47±8.61）%］； E 组大鼠的自发交替 反应率恢复接近正常［（61.64±11.51）%］，与A 组差异无统计学意义（P＞ 0.05）。（2）脑脊液内VC 含量：B 组大鼠脑脊液内VC 含量为（204.54±25.51）μmol/L，显著高于A 组［（145.57±18.98）μmol/L］， 而C、D 组 大鼠脑脊液内VC 水平［分别为（90.24±15.45）、（86.93±14.53）μmol/L］明显低于A、B 组，差异均有统计 学意义（均P＜ 0.001）；E 组大鼠脑脊液中VC 含量［（135.80±17.16） μmol/L］与A 组间差异无统计学意义 （P＞ 0.05）。（3）各脑区内VC 水平：B 组前额叶皮质、顶叶皮质、海马脑区脑组织匀浆（细胞内）VC 水 平变化趋势相同［分别为（1.18±0.13）、（1.14±0.12）、（1.20±0.20）μmol/g］，均显著低于A 组［分别为 （1.64±0.11）、（1.62±0.13）、（2.06±0.27）μmol/g］；C 组在乙醇戒断后，前额叶皮质、顶叶皮质、海马脑区 细胞内VC 水平［分别为（1.20±0.29）、（1.05±0.06）、（1.21±0.15）μmol/g］有所恢复，但仍明显低于A 组 （均P＜ 0.01）；C组大鼠颞叶皮质细胞内VC水平［（1.37±0.04）μmol/g］显著高于顶叶皮质（P＜0.05）；D组 各脑区细胞内VC水平均有回升趋势，前额叶皮质细胞内VC水平显著高于顶叶皮质［（1.63±0.24）μmol/g 比（1.26±0.16）μmol/g，P＜0.05］；E组前额叶皮质、顶叶皮质、颞叶皮质、海马区细胞内VC水平［分别为 （1.72±0.19）、（1.43±0.22）、（1.67±0.19）、（1.86±0.22）μmol/g］均较B组显著升高（均P＜0.01），逐渐恢复至正 常水平，海马区VC水平显著高于顶叶皮质（P＜0.05）。（4）Western blot结果显示，与A组比较，B、C、D组大 鼠前额叶皮质、顶叶皮质及C、D、E组大鼠海马区的SVCT2蛋白均显著升高（均P＜0.05）。结论 大量饮 酒4 d可致大鼠脑损伤，乙醇干预后大鼠脑脊液中及各脑区脑组织匀浆中VC水平呈现负相关的变化过程， 此过程中SVCT2蛋白表达上调，这将有助于脑脊液内的VC被转运至各脑区神经元内发挥抗氧化作用。     

Optimize the management of urological tube-related emergencies during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic

BackgroundTo introduce and determine the value of optimized strategies for the management of urological tube-related emergencies with increased incidence, complexity and operational risk during the global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).MethodsAll emergent urological patients at Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, during the period of January 23 (the beginning of lockdown in Wuhan) to March 23, 2020, and the corresponding period in 2019 were recruited to form this study’s COVID-19 group and control group, respectively. Tongji Hospital has the most concentrated and strongest Chinese medical teams to treat the largest number of severe COVID-19 patients. Patients in the control group were routinely treated, while patients in the COVID-19 group were managed following the optimized principles and strategies. The case incidence for each type of tube-related emergency was recorded. Baseline characteristics and management outcomes (surgery time, secondary complex operation rate, readmission rate, COVID-19 infection rate) were analyzed and compared across the control and COVID-19 periods.ResultsThe total emergent urological patients during the COVID-19 period was 42, whereas during the control period, it was 124. The incidence of tube-related emergencies increased from 53% to 88% (P<0.001) during the COVID-19 period. In particular, the incidence of nephrostomy tube-related (31% vs. 15%, P=0.027) and single-J stent-related problems (19% vs. 6%, P=0.009) increased significantly. The mean surgery times across the two periods were comparable. The number of secondary complex operations increased from 12 (18%) to 14 (38%) (P=0.028) during the COVID 19-period. The number of 2-week postoperative readmission decreased from 10 (15%) to 1 (3%) (P=0.049). No participants contracted during the COVID-19 period.ConclusionsUrological tube-related emergencies have been found to have a higher incidence and require more complicated and dangerous operations during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the optimized management strategies introduced in this study are efficient, and safe for both urologists and patients.     

Correlation between the sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim resistance of Shigella flexneri and the sul genes

The aim of this study was to discuss the correlation between the sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim resistance of Shigella flexneri (S. flexneri) and the antibiotic resistance genes sul1, sul2, and sul3 and SXT element.From May 2013 to October 2018, 102 isolates of S. flexneri were collected from the clinical samples in Jinan. The Kirby–Bauer (K-B) test was employed to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of the S. flexneri isolates. The antibiotic resistance rate was analyzed with the WHONET5.4 software. The isolates were subject to the PCR amplification of the sul genes (sul1, sul2, and sul3) and the SXT element. On the basis of the sequencing results, the correlation between the sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim resistance of the S. flexneri isolates and the sul genes was analyzed.The antibiotic resistance rates of the 102 S. flexneri isolates to ampicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim were 90.2%, 90.2%, 88.2%, 88.2%, and 62.7%, respectively. The antibiotic resistance rates of these isolates to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin varied between 20% and 35%. However, these isolates were 100% susceptible to cefoxitin. Positive fragments were amplified from 59.8% (61/102) of the 102 S. flexneri isolates, the sizes of the sul1 and sul2 genes being 338 bp and 286 bp, respectively. The sequence alignment revealed the presence of the sul1 and sul2 genes encoding for dihydrofolate synthase. The carrying rate of the sul1 gene was 13.7% (14/102), and that of the sul2 gene was 48.0% (49/102). No target gene fragments were amplified from the 3 isolates resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. The sul3 gene and SXT element were not amplified from any of the isolates. The testing and statistical analysis showed that the resistance of the S. flexneri isolates to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim correlated to the sul1 and sul2 genes.The acquired antibiotic resistance genes sul1 and sul2 were closely associated with the resistance of the 102 S. flexneri isolates to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim.     

孕前超重及肥胖女性孕中期子宫-胎盘血流动力学的变化

目的探讨孕前超重及肥胖女性孕中期子宫-胎盘血流动力学及胎儿生长发育指标的变化。 方法回顾性选取2019年6月至2020年9月在唐都医院进行产前检查并行胎儿超声心动图检查的孕妇127例。依据孕前体质量指数（BMI）将孕妇分为正常对照组55例、超重组45例和肥胖组27例。对3组孕妇的一般资料、子宫-胎盘血流、胎儿生物学测量指标和大脑中动脉、脐动脉血流进行比较分析。 结果与正常组孕妇相比，超重组及肥胖组孕妇双侧子宫动脉收缩期峰值血流速度（Vs）、舒张期峰值血流速度（Vd）及搏动指数（PI）均升高，3组比较差异均有统计学意义（P均＜0.05），其中肥胖组孕妇双侧子宫动脉PI较超重组升高（P均＜0.05）。与正常组比较，肥胖组和超重组胎儿脐动脉游离段血流速度不同程度减低，3组比较差异均有统计学意义（Vs：F值=4.41，P=0.01；Vd：F值=4.03，P=0.02）；进一步两两比较，超重组与正常组Vd比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）；肥胖组与正常组Vs比较，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 结论孕前超重及肥胖女性孕中期子宫-胎盘循环血流动力学已经出现明显改变，应用超声实时监测这些参数变化对指导临床合理控制孕期体重，避免或减少相关并发症有潜在价值。     

间歇性断食联合多元化管理模式对超重及肥胖人群减重效果的研究

目的 探讨间歇性断食联合多元化管理模式对超重/肥胖人群的减重效果.方法 选择2019年1-12月首都医科大学附属北京潞河医院就诊的超重/肥胖患者110例,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和干预组,每组各55例.对照组实施常规间歇性断食模式,干预组实施间歇性断食联合多元化管理模式的减重干预,包括采用搭配营养膳食、合理运动、健康教育、互联网监测及心理疏导等综合手段.观察12周后两组的BMI、腰围、腰臀比、血脂、饥饿感、饱腹感、满足感的变化情况.结果 剔除退出、失访、不严格执行间歇性断食的患者,最终对照组和干预组各纳入52例患者,两组一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).对照组和干预组干预前后各指标(体质量、腰围、腰臀比、BMI、血脂)及饥饿感、饱腹感、食物满足感比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),且干预组改善效果优于对照组.结论 间歇性断食与多元化管理相结合,有效改善了减重患者的体质量、腰围、腰臀比、BMI、血脂各指标,增强食物饱腹感及满足感,减少饥饿感,提高了患者的减重依从性.     

沉默TRIM23基因抑制骨肉瘤细胞的增殖

目的 探讨TRIM23基因对骨肉瘤细胞增殖能力的影响.方法 应用Western blot实验检测TRIM23基因在骨肉瘤细胞中的表达;应用shRNA质粒转染骨肉瘤细胞系U2OS,通过MTT与平板克隆形成实验评估细胞增殖能力;应用Westernblot实验检测U2OS细胞Akt/P53/P21通路的表达改变.结果 TRIM23蛋白在骨肉瘤细胞中的表达高于成骨细胞;沉默TRIM23基因可以抑制骨肉瘤细胞的增殖能力;沉默TRIM23基因下调P-Akt表达,但总Akt的表达无明显改变,上调P53与P21的表达.结论 TRIM23在骨肉瘤细胞中表达升高,TRIM23能通过调节Akt/P53/P21通路影响骨肉瘤细胞的增殖.     

医学生岗位胜任力的调查与思考——以医学职业学院为例

从实习、用人单位对医学生职业素质能力的评价、存在的问题和岗位所需职业素质能力的基本要求3个主要方面，开展问卷调查，了解医学生岗位胜任力的情况，明确不足及改进方向，拟从强化学风建设、加强综合素质培养两方面入手，开展有针对性的教育管理工作，提升医学生的岗位胜任力。